Telegraph system



r A. R. swoBoDA.

TELEGRAPH SYSTEM.

APPLlcATloN man MAY11.1918.

1,334,122. .patented M1\.16, 192o.

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NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNOR T0 WESTERN ELECTRIC NEW YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

TELEGEATH SYSTEM.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Mar. 16, 1920.

Application led Hay 11, 1918. Serial No. 233,979.

To all lwhom t may concern:

Be it known that I, ADoLPH R. SWoBoDA,

a 'citizen -of the United States, residing at' Newark, in the county of Essex, State of New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Telegraph Systems, of which the following is a full, clear, concise, and exact description.

This invention relates to telegraph systems and more particularly to telegraph transmitting systems.

The principal object of this invention is to provide an improved organization of apparatus for overcoming so-called wandering zero eii'ects in telegraphic line conductors having high electrostatic capacity, such as long submarine cables or long land lines, particularly when the latter lines are in the form of composite telephone and telegraph circuits. v

In accordance with this invention, electroresponsive means under the control of suitable transmitting devices are arranged to Send only momentary impulses of current to the line at the beginning and ending of signaling intervals, the polarity of current corresponding with .the beginning of an impulse being of opposite polarity to the current which corresponds with the termination orP the signaling interval. During periods intermediate the beginning and ending of signal interval and also during periods intermediate signaling intervals, the line conductor will be connected to the earth.

This invention is illustrated diagrammatically 4in -the accompanying drawing, in which Figure 1 shows one arrangement 'for carrying out the service ieatures of this invention, while Figs. 2 to 5 inclusive, show respectively alternate arrangements for attaining the objects of this system. In Fig. 6 there is shown in theoretical form, the usual current intervals which take place in a line conductor during current intervals corresponding with dot and dash impulses. In Fig. 7 there is shown in theoretical form, the modiiied effects of signaling current intervals in a line conductor as established by the present invention.

In describing this invention, attention will first be directed to Fig. 1 of the draw-L ing. A telegraph key indicated by the reference character 3 is arranged to control two sources of oppositely poled and grounded line currents 1 and 2. ADuring the time this normal position as shown, the

negatively poled'source of current l stands connected over the normal contacts of this key and a resistance unit 4 through the winding of a relay 5. This energization of the relay contacts 7 to ground a line conductor L. If now the key is depressed to .disconnect the battery 1 and connect the positively poled battery 2 over the relay circuit just traced,

completes a circuit through its such reversal of current direction through the relay 5 will cause this relay to be momentarily denergized, whereby separation of its contacts 7 willdisconnect the line L from ground and connect it over the Contacts 6, now closed, with the battery 2. Following this momentary releasing of the relay 5, the positive current from the battery 2 will build up in the relay to cause its operation, thereby separating its contacts 6 to disconnect the line from the line battery 2 and again connect it over the relay contacts 7 to earth. Assuming, for further illustration, that the key 3 is now released to connect the battery 1 over the relay 5 in substitution of the battery 2, such reversal oi" current di'- rection through the relay 5 will again cause it to disconnect the line from ground and momentarily connect it to the negatively poled battery 1. So soon, however, as current from the negative battery 1 builds up sufficiently in the relay 5 to again cause its Venergizatlon, the line will be disconnected from the battery earth.

Referring to Fig. 6 of the drawing, the positive impulse intervals shown above a zero line 0 by means of a shaded line, may be considered as corresponding in theory with the instantsthe key 3 may be held in engagement with the battery 2,-while the negative intervals similarly shown below the zero line may be considered as corresponding with impulse or signaling intervals during which the key 3 may be in engagement with the battery 1 In the line L, however, it will be clear, in view of the del andbe reconnected to the scription already given, that the actual current effects will correspond with the short positive and negative impulses shown by the shaded line in Fig. 7

Referring to Fig. 2 of the drawing, this arrangement dii'ers from the embodiment shown in Fig'. 1 in that a current distributer is substituted for the transmitting key 3. Although shown in developed form, this distributer which comprises a trailer arm 11o y l l or contacter brush 10, collector ring 11 and segments 12-15, w1ll be understood as arranged in such circular form that the brush 10 may revolve and in periodically sweeping through its path successively join the segments 12-15 with the collector ring 11. It will be clear that in this manner the sources of oppositely poled current 1 and 2 connected to the segments may be alternately connected through the relay 5 which will respond thereto in a manner similar to that already described in connection with the first figure of the drawing. Although for convenience of description the dist-ributer arrangement has been shown in elemental form in order to better illustrate the principles of the system, it will be understood that instead of the batteries 1 and 2 being connected directly through the segments 12 and 15 that suitable transmitting contacts may be arranged intermediate these batteries and the segments for varying the order of the polarities which may be transmitted to the line as well understood in connection with the VDaudot code or -similar telegraphie impulse codes. In such an arrangement, the transmitting contacts may be controlled automatically as by means of a notated or punched tape as well known in the art. l

The arrangement shown in Fig. 3 diifers from those already described in that a compound transmitting key is employed. The lowermost blade or moving member of the key controls reversals of current from oppositely poled batteries 8 and 9 through the relay 5 in a manner similar to that in which i the key 3 reverses connection of the oppositely poled batteries 1 and 2 through this relay as already described in connection with Fig. 1. The uppermost blade or moving member of the key controls the connecting of the oppositely poled batteries 1 and 2 with the normal Contact stop of the relay 5 in such a manner that selected current polarities from these batteries may become momentarily effective with the line L in phase with the denergized moments of the relay 5, due to reversals in current therein as established from the batteries 8 and 9. The service results attained by this third arrangement correspond to those already described in connection wit-h the two first arrangements.

Referring to Fig. 4 of the,drawing, the transmitting key 3 serves to connect a bat tery 8 to control the operation of a switching.v relay 16. The contacts 17 and 18 of this relay respectively control the inclusion of batteries 1 and 2 to operate the relay 5 in establishing service results similar to those already described.

It will be seen that each time the transmitting key 3 is depressed or. released there is a complete reversal of the magnetization of relay 5. This insures the complete release of the armature of relay 5 and, by the closure of its back Contact 6, the transmission of a current impulse to line while the armature of relay 16 is passing from one contact to the other. The same effect is produced by the arrangements of Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 5.

In Fig. 5, the transmitting key 3 may include the battery 8 to control the operations of a switching or pole changer relay 16. 'I he contacts 19 and 20 of this relay respectlvely control the inclusion of' oppositely poled batteries 28 and 29 to control the relay 5, while the contacts 17 and `18 of this `relay control theI selection and inclusion of oppositely poled batteries 1 and 2 with the normal contact stop of the relay 5 in establishing telegraphic impulses with the line L in a manner similar to that already described. j

It will be clear that while the signaling intervals illustrated in Fig. 6 of the drawing may correspond/,with signaling intervals during which currents are usually included with a line circuit in the transmission of signals, through the application of the present invention the same service results may be attained by means of the short impulse intervals which correspond with the beginning and ending of a signaling interval, as

illustrated in Fig. 7. Since these impulse or signaling intervals take place in opposite polarity relation with respect to successive occurrences, true reversals of polarity are attained by the present system. This insures that the line conductor or cable will not become asymmetrically charged with current of either polarity, as irrespective of the time interval vbetween the short'impulses, the grounded condition of the cableas automatically carried out serves to e'ect the necessaryl drainage in applyingv this system as a remedy for wandering zero effects.

What is claimed is:

1. In a telegraph system, a -line circuit, a relay, means for magnetizing said relay,

Vmeans for reversing the polar direction of the magnetization of said relay, and means controlled by said relay for sending an impulse to said line circuit during the interval in which the magnetization of said relay is passing through zero.

2. In a telegraph system, a relay, a line circuit controlled thereby, means for normally energizing said relay to ground said line circuit, means for reversing the direction of magnetization of said relay, and contacts closed upon the reversal of magnetization in said relay to send a momentary impulse ofcurrentthrough saidline circuit.l

In witness whereof, I hereunto subscribe my name this 8th day of May A. D., 1918."

ADOLPH R. SWOBODA, 

